发布日期:2024-01-22 09:22:25

培养用英语怎么说 培养的英语例句

今天给各位分享培养用英语怎么说 培养的英语例句的知识,其中也会对9. All this helps children to develop an inquiring attitude to learning.进行解释,如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题,别忘了关注本站,现在开始吧!

本文导读目录:

1、培养用英语怎么说 培养的英语例句

2、手机重要性英文范文

3、教育培养,Education and Training英语短句,例句大全

  (资料图片仅供参考)

培养指以适宜的条件使繁殖;按照一定的目的长期地教育和训练;使成长。那么你知道培养用英语怎么说吗?下面一起来学习一下吧。

培养英语说法1

train

培训英语说法2

foster

培训英语说法3

develop

培养的相关短语:

细菌培养 bacterial culture ; germiculture ; bacilliculture ; bacterial cultivation

器官培养 organ culture ; FTOC ; coltura di organi ; fetal thymus organ culture

胚胎培养 embryo culture ; embryo culture method ; embryo in vitro culture ; in vitro culture

穿刺培养 stab culture ; stab cultivation ; thrust culture ; stick culture

溶液培养 water culture ; hydroculture ; hydroponics ; solution culture

培养目标 Training Objectives ; educational objectives ; training target ; Training goal

培养能力 foster abilities ; foster one's capability ; capacity-building ; build capacity

无菌培养 asepticculture ; sterile culture ; axenic cultivation ; axenic culture

培养的英语例句:

1. They brought up their children to be God-fearing Christians.

他们将孩子培养成了虔诚的基督教徒。

2. It would also train women union members in public speaking and decision-making.

它还将培养工会的女性成员公开演讲和决策的能力。

3. They believe that a tough, materially poor childhood is character-building.

他们认为一个艰难贫困的童年有助于性格的培养。

4. We hear endless injunctions to build a sense of community among staff.

我们听到上面没完没了地讲要在员工中培养一种集体归属感。

5. Young players have got to be the way forward for every club.

培养年轻球员应该是所有俱乐部谋求发展之道。

6. He bought me records to encourage my liking for music.

他给我买了唱片,希望培养我对音乐的兴趣。

7. The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits.

音乐学习中的训练可以帮助孩子们培养好的工作习惯。

8. The crucial skill you need to develop is sorting out the parents.

你需要培养的关键技能就是让那些家长认错。

9. All this helps children to develop an inquiring attitude to learning.

所有这些都有助于培养孩子好学爱问的态度。

10. The monkeys had been immunized with a vaccine made from infected cells.

这些猴子已经注射了由受感染的细胞培养而成的疫苗。

11. Cultivating a positive mental attitude towards yourself can reap tremendous benefits.

培养一种自信的积极心态会让人受益匪浅。

12. The human organism learns partly by nature, partly by nurture.

人的学习能力部分是天生的,部分是后天培养的。

13. Marshall was groomed to run the family companies.

马歇尔在接手家族企业之前接受了培养。

14. We need to become critical text-readers.

我们需要培养对文章的评判能力。

15. It's important to have outside interests.

培养一些业余爱好很重要。  以下是小编为大家整理的手机重要性英文范文,本文共14篇,希望对您有所帮助。

手机 mobile phonecell phonehand phonehandset下面是一些手机网络短语智能手机 smart phone ; SP ; PDA Phone ; Phone PDA

手机制式 GSM ; G ; CDMA ; GSM TD-SCDMA

功能手机 Feature phone ; Gigaset ; Mobile Phones

谷歌手机 Gphone ; Google Phone ; Google Mobile ; nexus

手机昵称 xpress music ; Cookie ; iPhone ; xm

手机垄断 Cellular telephone ismonopolied ; Cellular tel ismonopolied

滑盖手机 slide phone ; slider phones ; slider cell phone ; oppo

三星手机 Anycall ; Samsung ; Samsung Mobile ; Samsung Mobile Phones

玩命手机 Cellular

1. He bellowed information into the mouthpiece of his portable telephone.

他对着手机话筒吼了一通信息。

2. There has been consistent growth in GSM mobile subscribers.

全球通手机用户持续增长。

3. The mobile phone is now a must-have for children.

手机现在已经成了孩子们的必备品。

4. She dialled 999 on her mobile.

她用手机拨打了999。

5. A cellular telephone beeped.

有个手机响了。

6. My mobile phone is extremely useful.

我的手机非常有用。

7. He forgot the charger for his mobile phone.

他忘了带手机充电器。

8. I talked to her on my cellphone.

我用手机跟她通了话。

9. a clamshell phone

翻盖式手机

10. Please make sure all mobile phones are switched off during the performance.

请确保演出时关上所有手机。

11. Many people are upgrading their mobiles to top-end models.

很多人不断将手机升级到最高档的款式。

12. Cellular phones are inherently insecure, as anyone can listen to and record conversations.

手机天生就不安全,因为任何人都可以听到并录下谈话。

13. His chauffeur-driven car and company mobile phone will be handed on to his successor.

他那辆配有专职司机的轿车和公司手机将转交给他的继任者。

14. I borrowed my wife's mobile phone last week and a text arrived from another man.

我上周借我老婆的手机用,收到一个男人发来的短信。

15. They offer 70 hours' standby time, 2hr 50min talk time, and 15 ring tones.

这些手机可待机70小时,通话时长达2小时50分钟,并提供15种铃音。

1. I talked to her on my cellphone.

我用手机跟她通了话。

2. For the above - mentioned reasons , cellphone online sales will be an inevitale trend.

因此, 手机的网络营销将会是一股不可阻挡的潮流.

3. A : In case of an emergency, here is the cellphone.

倘若有什么紧急情况, 这里有个手提电话.

4. Experience on developing Asia market of cellphone will be advantage.

有国外手机市场开发经验优先考虑.

5. The cellphone remained intact after being dropped down the stairs.

这部手机掉下台阶后仍然完好无损.

6. But healthy development for cellphone spam also need good advertising modes.

手机广告的健康发展还需要好的广告模式.

7. She looked for her cellphone everywhere and found it at last.

她到处找她的手机,最后找着了.

8. Cellphone etiquette is now an issue drawing more and more attention.

手机礼仪这一话题越来越为人们所关注了.

9. The cellphone you will have with you AT THE SHOW itself.

一个您随身带的手机号.

10. Africa is the continent that's experiencing the fastest growth in cellphone use.

据联合国调查,非洲是手机用户的增长速度最快的地区.

11. Could you tell me his cellphone number? Thank you!

可不可以告诉我他移动电话号码? 谢谢!

12. Design and implementation of functional software for cellphone test equipment.

设计和实现无线通讯测试仪表软件系统.

13. May I have your name and cellphone Number? See you tomorrow.

请问你的名字和电话是? 明天见.

14. The woman nodded and took the cellphone from Katie.

那女人点头拿起卡蒂的电话.

15. This machine base is exactly the size of my cellphone.

这个机座不大不小,刚好放下我的手机.

The necessity and importance of the cultural construction of small and medium sized enterprises

The necessity of 1, small and medium-sized enterprise culture construction

Large enterprises need to corporate culture, small and medium enterprises actually need to pay attention to the construction of enterprise culture. Small and medium-sized enterprises due to small size, short development time, enterprise management level is generally low, a considerable part of the business is not standardized. For the development of small and medium enterprises, it seems that the more talked about is to scientific management, improve the management level, but few people will promote small and medium enterprises should pay attention to the construction of culture. Many small business owners think that we are small and medium enterprises, the enterprise is the key to survival, not to mention the problem of corporate culture construction, and even some experts in management circles also think so, so that the cultural construction of small and medium enterprises more lag.

Any enterprise, regardless of the cultural construction work, in the development process will form their own business style or is the atmosphere. This kind of atmosphere, may be the health upward, also may be the dregs destroys the human. If it is a bad atmosphere, started early in the enterprise, perhaps to enterprise does not constitute a bad influence, but if not controlled, its development, make the enterprise atmosphere slowly accumulated into the bad enterprise culture, it is very difficult to change again. Therefore, it is necessary for enterprises to establish a correct and healthy corporate culture orientation and attach importance to the development of corporate culture.

Enterprise culture is generally defined as: in the formation of long-term operating time in enterprises owned by the staff for the values, norms and ethical standards. Small and medium-sized enterprises are generally shorter than large enterprises, staff size is also small, so the problem is not taken seriously. But in fact, the impact of corporate culture on small and medium enterprises is far greater than the impact of large enterprises, but not for the attention of the community did not cause enough attention.

Every enterprise in the process of development, must have its unique cultural form, in the course of time, gradually formed its own unique corporate values, moral values, thus forming a kind of cohesion, to promote the rapid development of enterprises, achieve the real meaning of enterprise culture. Therefore, the enterprise culture is a common way of behavior and values formed in the process of work, it is the way enterprises do things, regardless of the size of the enterprise, all companies have corporate culture. Therefore, the small and medium-sized enterprises also exist the problem of the enterprise culture, but because of the different scale and development stage of the enterprise, the strength and the angle of the enterprise culture are also different.

The importance of corporate culture, 2

John Harvard University. Professor Kurt and James. Study on 11 years of Professor Heskett: pay attention to the total income of the enterprise culture, the average growth of 68.2%, do not pay attention to the corporate culture of the company amounted to only 16.6% growth; attention to the corporate culture of the company stock price is 90.1%, do not pay attention to the corporate culture of the company is 74%; pay attention to the corporate culture of the company net income growth of 75.6%, do not pay attention to the corporate culture of the company is only 1%.

In fact, any entrepreneur subconsciously attaches great importance to corporate culture. As a boss, need to consider how to make employees willing to own, and pull together in times of trouble how to make employees to improve work efficiency, how to make the development goal of enterprises and employees agree to fight for? This is the enterprise culture to solve the problem. So the small and medium-sized enterprises also need to pay attention to enterprise culture, small and medium enterprises, may have more than 100 employees, information communication more smooth, do not need too much form or system of things, it should focus on how to make the core concept of popular work. A business, if you want to develop into a large enterprise, now we must do large enterprises to do; to become a great company, and now we must do great companies should do things, so that it may become a big company or company of excellence.“

This case to some extent that the development of corporate culture of small and medium enterprises is very important. Two good friends at the same time, a few years later, one of the company's small reputation, while the other is still difficult. So after the company boss asked his friend said: ”we are also business conditions and opportunities we almost, why are you developing so fast, but it is so hard to me now?“ his friend did not directly answer, but asked him three questions: ”you have no to make people excited and willing to development goals aligned with you? You have no idea of your values and will share with your staff? Do you often deliberately to create a passionate working atmosphere for employees?“ after listening to a friend, the boss in a meditation.

Two, small and medium-sized enterprise culture construction present situation

1, lack of understanding

According to the staff analysis, now the small and medium-sized private enterprises have 70 percent did not form the concept of market and customer concept, there is no clear understanding of essence of corporate culture. They just understand from the slogan, the concept is not clear.

Gathered in small and medium-sized private enterprises in Wenzhou, 60% of the leading enterprises are not fully aware of the necessity of enterprise culture. Some companies are specialized institutions, but also exist in name only. Business operators do not intervene, not paying attention, not to the enterprise culture development strategy into the overall enterprise strategy, enterprise management efforts provisions involving enterprise mission, goals and objectives, content is not enough.

2, the lack of features

As the enterprise's core values

一、中小型企业文化建设的必要性和在重要性

1、中小企业文化建设的必要性

大企业需要企业文化,中小型企业其实更需要重视企业文化建设。中小型企业由于规模小、发展时间短,企业管理水平普遍较低,相当一部分甚至是不规范经营。对于中小企业的发展问题,似乎更多谈到的是要科学管理、提高管理水平,但却很少有人会提倡中小企业要注重文化的建设。很多中小企业主认为,我们是中小型企业,企业关键是生存,谈不上企业文化建设问题,甚至管理界一些专家也这样认为,从而使得中小型企业的文化建设更为滞后。

任何企业,不管是否进行过文化建设工作,在发展过程中都会形成自身的企业作风或者说是风气。这种风气,可能是健康向上的,也可能是糟粕毁人的。如果是不良风气,在企业创办前期,也许对企业还不能构成恶劣的影响,但如果不加控制,任其发展,让企业风气慢慢积累成不良企业文化,再来改变就很难了。因此,当企业还在成长中就树立正确健康的企业风气导向,重视企业文化的发展是非常必要的。

企业文化一般定义为:企业在长期经营时间中形成的为全体员工所共同拥有的价值观、行为准则、道德标准等。中小企业的存续时间一般较大型企业为短,人员规模也较小,所以对此问题也未重视。但实际上,企业文化对中小企业的影响要远远大于对大型企业的影响,只是不为社会所关注才没有引起足够的重视。

每一个企业在发展过程中,都必有其独特的文化雏形,久而久之,就逐渐形成了企业自己独特的价值观、道德观,从而形成一种企业凝聚力,使之推动企业高速发展,达到企业文化之真正内涵。所以,企业文化是企业在工作过程中形成的一种共同的行为方式和价值观,它是企业做事的方式,无论企业规模的大小,凡是企业都有企业文化。因此,中小企业也肯定存在企业文化的塑造问题,只不过因企业规模和发展阶段不同,企业文化塑造的力度和角度也不同。

2、企业文化的重要性

美国哈佛大学的约翰.科特教授和詹姆斯.赫斯克特教授的考察研究认为:重视企业文化的公司总收入平均增长68.2%,不重视企业文化的公司则仅达16.6%;重视企业文化的公司股票价格增长为90.1%,不重视企业文化的公司为74%;重视企业文化的公司净收入增长为75.6%,不重视企业文化的公司仅为1%。

事实上,任何一个企业家在潜意识上都很重视企业文化。作为老板,需要考虑如何让员工愿意和自己同舟共济、如何让员工提高工作效率、如何让员工认同企业的发展目标并为之奋斗?这就是企业文化要解决的问题。所以中小企业也需要重视企业文化,中小型企业,可能就100多名员工,信息沟通较为顺畅,不需要太多的形式或系统的东西,它要把重点放在如何让核心理念深入人心的工作上。“一个企业,如果想发展成大型企业,现在就必须做大型企业要做的事;想成为一个卓越的公司,现在就必须做卓越公司应该做的事情,这样才有可能成为大公司或卓越公司。”

下面这个案例从某种程度上说明企业文化对中小型企业的发展是多么重要。两个好朋友同时创业,几年后其中一个人的公司已经小有名气,而另外一家则还是举步维艰。于是后面这家公司的老板就问他的朋友说:“我们是同时创业,我们的条件和机会差不多,为什么你发展得那么快,我到现在却还是那么艰难呢?”他的朋友并没有做正面回答,而是问了他三个问题:“你的公司有没有足以令员工激动并愿意与你共进退的发展目标?你有没有将你的思路与价值观与你的员工分享?你有没有经常刻意去创造一种让员工充满激情的工作氛围?”听完朋友的问题,这个老板陷入沉思之中。

二、中小型企业文化建设现状

1、认识不足

据有关人员分析,现如今的中小型民营企业有70还没有真正形成市场观念和顾客观念,没有认清企业文化的本质。他们只是从口号上来理解,概念不明确。

在我国中小型民营企业的聚集地温州,有60%的企业领导没有充分认识到企业文化的必要性。有些企业就是有专门的机构,也是形同虚设。企业经营者不介入、不重视,没有把企业文化战略编入企业发展规划的整体战略中,企业经营理念涉及企业使命、宗旨和目标等内容的规定力度远远不够。

2、缺乏特色

作为企业核心的价值观念缺乏个性,形式化,雷同化现象严重。据有关资料表明,当前我国企业口号中,“团结”的使用率高达41%,“创新”与“开拓”的使用率也超过了20%,“进取”的使用率也达到了10%,市场在改变了,形势也在改变,可这些口号却没有变化。

3、文化建设滞后

随着市场经济的进一步完善和发展以及现代企业制度的建立,大部分中小企业的机制已经转换,如部分国有中小型民营企业已经成功地转变为产权明晰、责任明确、管理科学的现代企业,成为自负盈亏、自我约束、自我发展的股份公司或有限公司。但是,相应的文化建设远远没有跟上来。

4、忽略企业文化战略

中小型民营企业为忙于生计,不被残酷的市场所淘汰,只能更多地考虑企业当前所处的位置和现状,忙于追求自己的短期利益,而对于相对注重长远利益的战略无暇顾及。而且,他们认为文化战略是大企业、大集团的事,中小企业没有必要进行战略方面的考虑。缺乏企业文化建设的战略思考和决策是他们的通病。

5、家族式文化的弊病

据中国社会科学院社会学所,全国工商联研究室共同组织的对21个省市自治区的250个市县区的1947家中小民营企业进行的抽样调查显示, 有近80%的企业是家族式或泛家族式企业。受企业主自身素质的限制,家长制集权管理导致企业在发展中缺乏科学论证和民主决策,家族力量对企业领导权的垄断,导致企业成为一个相对封闭的团体。

三、中小型企业文化建设存在的问题

1、片面理解企业文化建设

(1) 将企业文化等同于企业外在形象设计。很多中小型企业的领导者在这方面存在对企业文化理解上的误区。他们认为所谓的企业文化就是企业的外在表现形象,所以就把更多的精力放在了企业标语口号的斟酌、企业标识的设计上。例如,有些企业从办公楼到生产园区,从厂部到班组,到处都张贴或悬挂着诸如“开拓创新”、“拼搏进取”之类的标语口号;还有很多企业设计了精致的厂徽、统一的厂服、嘹亮的厂歌、鲜艳的厂旗,企业的外在形象可谓被设计得淋漓尽致,但他们只简单地将企业文化等同于形象设计,并没有采取有力的措施把企业文化的核心――企业精神体现在企业的经营活动中,也没有把企业精神渗透到企业员工的思维方式、工作、行为习惯中。

(2) 将企业文化等同于企业文体活动。很多企业认为企业文化建设就是丰富多彩的文体活动,寄希望于通过举办几场球类比赛,搞几次文艺演出,放几场电影,组织几个职工俱乐部来达到塑造企业精神的目的。事实上,文体活动的开展只是企业文化建设的一个表层活动,在一定程度上可以增进员工之间的相互了解和员工对企业的归属感,但如果仅仅依靠这些表层活动,而不进行企业文化的渗透,不用企业精神塑造员工,企业文化建设是不会得到持续协调发展的,也就更不可能为企业的持续发展提供文化支持。

(3) 将企业文化等同于政治思想工作。有些企业把企业文化建设和我国传统的政治思想工作混淆起来,认为企业文化建设就是一种思想灌输、说服教育,是宣传部门、工会的事情,这种观点在国有中小企业中尤其普遍。另外,由于中小型企业规模不大,机构设置较少,经常将思想政治工作和文化建设归属于同一部门管理,但是由于许多管理者对企业文化内涵理解不深刻,经常将二者混为一谈,这对企业文化建设非常不利。

(4) 将企业文化等同于规章制度。有些中小企业的管理者认为企业文化就是企业规章制度,只要制定出企业的规章制度,组织员工学习、了解并严格实施,企业的文化建设就可大功告成,企业精神也就可以培育起来了,企业的文化氛围也会逐步地形成。尽管企业规章制度的制定是企业文化建设的一个重要方面,是企业文化建设的制度保障,但规章制度的制定并不是文化建设的全部,绝不能将二者等同。

2、企业文化与企业的内嵌性差

企业的文化建设与企业的发展目标和经济利益是紧密联系在一起的,优秀企业文化的形成与企业的发展壮大和经济效益的提高是相互作用的。企业文化建设是通过企业文化的导向和渗透作用,以体现企业价值观的行为准则和规范,引导员工的行为朝着有利于实现企业目标的方向发展,为企业在市场竞争中的发展提供动力源,最终提高企业的经济效益,增强企业的实力;企业的发展壮大又能促使员工产生自豪感和向心力,从而约束自己的言行,自觉遵守企业的各项规章制度,维护企业形象,积极参与企业文化的建设。然而,当前我国企业的领导者在文化建设上往往与企业经济效益之间的关系处理不当。有些企业为建设文化而建设文化,不注重经济效益,不注重经济效益与文化建设的实际联系,最后形成了文化建设、经济效益“两张皮”,失去了文化建设的根本意义。

3、 企业文化建设雷同

很多企业也重视企业文化的建设,但其中一味模仿、全盘照搬的比较多,而不是通过选择淘汰,消化等方式,把外来先进的文化吸收进来,作到有机的融合,培育自己企业的文化特色。企业文化建设普遍缺乏个性甚至雷同,这是目前我国中小型企业文化建设的一个特点。

四、中小型企业文化建设的对策

1、加强对企业文化建设的正确理解和认识

企业从上到下都要形成共识,认清文化建设对企业的生产经营和可持续发展所起的重要作用,以积极、主动的态度去进行文化建设的各项活动。领导者更要高度支持和积极参与,要率先垂范和倡导企业文化,用自己的言行有意识地塑造企业文化,积极成为企业文化建设的沟通者,激励者。

2、重视企业文化的创新,推动企业文化的个性化发展

企业的管理者应该认识到一个企业区别于其他企业的特征不只是在自己的产品上、企业的外在形象上,而更多的应该是在自己企业的文化特色上,文化能够反映一个企业本质特点,其他外在形象的表现都是这种文化的表现,所以中小型企业在建设自己企业文化时,应该结合自己企业的自身特点,创造出具有一定特色、富有个性的企业文化。企业文化也是一个动态的发展过程,应该根据实际情况的变化而进行不断地创新,不断为企业文化建设注入新鲜血液,这样才能增强企业文化的活力,最大限度的发挥企业文化的推动作用。

3、加强企业文化建设与经营活动的联系,用文化提高企业效益

企业之所以要进行企业文化的建设,其根本目的就是要促进企业的发展,而不是用于宣传和作摆设,如果不将企业文化建设与经营活动紧密相联,企业文化的建设也就失去了根基。所以在企业文化建设时,一定要立足于企业的生产经营活动,为企业的生产经营活动服务,立足于企业的长远发展,为企业的可持续发展提供文化保障。

4、着眼企业文化发展战略,注重培育企业精神

企业文化建设不是一朝一夕能够完成的,它是一个持续发展培育的过程。中小型企业在制定自己的经营发展战略时,一定要包括文化的发展战略,要把企业精神作为文化建设的核心内容,对企业文化的发展应该有总体的设计,能够使自己企业的文化发展有一个不间断、连续的发展过程,这样才能使文化得到不断的累积,避免企业因为领导者的改变而不断变化自己的企业文化精神。另外企业在发展的每一个阶段都需要有适合这个阶段的文化的支撑和推动。能够为自己企业发展的每一个阶段提供这种支持,所以一定要注重企业文化建设的长远规划。

5、提高员工对企业文化建设的参与性

企业文化建设的主体是员工,所以企业文化建设必须要有员工的广泛参与,只有这样才能使每一位员工了解自己企业的文化,逐步使企业文化深入人心。一般来说中小型企业员工的素质会比其他大型企业的员工素质低,这是中小型企业的先天来决定的,但是企业一定要注重培养和提高员工的素质,而不是任其发展,不管不问,否则企业文化建设是无法持续推进的。在员工广泛参与的前提下,不断推进文化建设的深入,通过文化建设地不断推进,逐渐培育员工的团队精神,增强企业的凝聚力,使企业文化建设走上“全民参与”与“全民互动”的良性发展轨道。

6、注重企业文化传播工作,扩大企业文化的影响力

很多中小型企业不重视企业文化的传播工作,认为这是大企业所需要做的。其实,企业无论大小都应该重视企业文化的传播工作。企业文化不只应该被本企业的员工所了解和接受,也应该在企业文化建设到一定程度时为更多的公众所了解并逐渐被接受和认可,这样通过企业文化的传播可以加深公众对自己企业及自己企业产品的了解和认可,这对企业的发展是非常重要的。企业在进行广告策划时一定不要只重视宣传自己企业的产品或企业的外在形象,而应该将企业的文化及所蕴含的企业精神融入到广告当中,并利用有效的广告形式将自己的企业文化传播出去。当然传播企业文化有很多途径,各个企业应该根据自己企业的条件进行选择。例如企业可以加强与自己所处社区的联系,利用和社区的一些友谊活动来传播自己的企业文化;再如,经常和其他企业进行横向联系,增强与其他企业地沟通,在沟通交流中传播自己的企业文化。

总之,毫无疑问,对大企业来说,企业文化建设是必要且重要的;同样,对中小企业来讲,企业文化建设是更加必要且重要。它关系到企业的长远发展,因此我们不仅仅在口头上、表面上重视企业文化建设,而且更应该在行动中,在实质上认真进行企业文化的建设。同时,要正视企业文化建设中存在的问题,采取相应的措施推进这一重大工程。

[企业文化的重要性英文]

Importance of Communication in Leadership

What is the role of a leader?A leader is expected to represent his/her followers and motivate them to reach heights of success through individual and collective effort.Communication is the best equipment a leader can employ to achieve this goal.Even ideals resting upon strong principles can fall flat and fail to motivate due to lack of effective communication skills.History is galore with examples of many national leaders who have moved the masses by their life-changing speeches and powerful writings!Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr.are prominent examples of outstanding leadership through effective communication.

Significance of Communication in Relationships

I don't think I need to elaborate much on this,as we all have,some time or the other,experienced certain roadblocks and voids in our relationships owing to a lack of communication.Lack of communication in relationships result in frustrations,misunderstandings,unrealistic expectations,guilt and can create personal differences.It is difficult for people who share their lives with each other to coexist for long without having regular and smooth communication for oiling the machinery of the relationship.Relationship communication problems can only be solved through active and effective communication.

As living beings,we need to express and understand the expressions of others.Like it or not,the human society thrives on communication.Civilizations have risen and fallen based upon how good they were at maintaining sound relations with the rest of the world.Communication is,indeed,the very lubricant that makes the machinery of human relations function smoothly.Therefore,the significance of communication cannot and should not be underestimated.Sometimes,difficult situations in life can be resolved by just sitting down and talking it out!Similarly,most personal,professional and social disasters can be averted by maintaining clear,appropriate and unambiguous communication.All we need is some effort on our part to identify and avoid barriers to effective communication to make our lives and the lives of those around us better.

Importance of Communication in the Workplace

The most difficult part of running an organization is managing the human resources. This is one resource which doesn't work on any principle of management, economics, psychology or any other social science! This is the most random and volatile resource which must be managed with great dexterity to reach desired organizational goals. Communication is that lubricant which keeps this resource moving throughout the organizational machinery. The salience of communication in the workplace is manifold, as it involves communication along vertical, horizontal and parallel organizational levels and such communication should always follow the hierarchy prescribed by the organization. A breach of the hierarchical channel of communication is known as a Gang Plank and should be avoided as much as possible. Communication in the workplace involves interpersonal communication between colleagues, superior and subordinate and vice versa and workplace communication skills come handy in such situations. A clear understanding of the purpose of such communication, especially if it is of a vertical nature, along with the expectations of the sender and receiver are extremely important for the smooth running of an organization.

Importance of Communication

Communication is an integral instinct of all living things. The most important bearings of communication are best understood when there is a lack of it. The following article discusses how important communication is and why it plays such a vital role in our daily lives.

There is more to communication than just talk and gesture. Listening, understanding and interpreting are as much integral to communication as words - verbal, written or gestured. Yes, even gestures in communication play a crucial role in conveying and interpreting the message! Similarly, how we communicate or express ourselves goes a great way towards determining how our expressions are interpreted. To quote Karl Popper, ”It is impossible to speak in such a way that you cannot be misunderstood". Faulty or incomplete communication can completely mar the purpose of communicating and may result in damaging consequences. This is where understanding how important communication is and communicating the right way comes into picture. Not everyone is equally endowed with the ability to effectively express himself and this is where the significance of communication skills can be truly fathomed. Communicating the right way is equally important in every walk of like, be it in personal, professional or social life. Come, let's take a look at some major areas where right communication or a lack of it can have serious implications.

Significance of Communication in Relationships

I don't think I need to elaborate much on this, as we all have, some time or the other, experienced certain roadblocks and voids in our relationships owing to a lack of communication. Lack of communication in relationships result in frustrations, misunderstandings, unrealistic expectations, guilt and can create personal differences. It is difficult for people who share their lives with each other to coexist for long without having regular and smooth communication for oiling the machinery of the relationship. Relationship communication problems can only be solved through active and effective communication.

As living beings, we need to express and understand the expressions of others. Like it or not, the human society thrives on communication. Civilizations have risen and fallen based upon how good they were at maintaining sound relations with the rest of the world. Communication is, indeed, the very lubricant that makes the machinery of human relations function smoothly. Therefore, the significance of communication cannot and should not be underestimated. Sometimes, difficult situations in life can be resolved by just sitting down and talking it out! Similarly, most personal, professional and social disasters can be averted by maintaining clear, appropriate and unambiguous communication. All we need is some effort on our part to identify and avoid barriers to effective communication to make our lives and the lives of those around us better.

沟通重要性英文演讲稿

他忘了带手机充电器。

He forgot the charger for his mobile phone.

大多数飞机上不许使用手机。

The use of cellular phones is not permitted on most aircraft.

很多人不断将手机升级到最高档的款式。

Many people are upgrading their mobiles to top-end models.

请确保演出时关上所有手机。

Please make sure all mobile phones are switched off during the performance.

我没有带手机。

I hadn't got my phone with me.

1. Check your phone info, if everything looks good, click [ b ] Next.

核对您的手机信息, 如果一切无误, 点击 [ b ] 下一步.

2. Jack sends cell - phone messages every day.

杰克每天都发手机信息.

3. How you get information about mobile phone?

你通过什么方式获得手机信息?

4. Abstract: Along with the coming of information era, cellphone has become necessary consumer goods.

论文摘要着手机信息时代的到来, 手机已成为人们离不开的消费品.

5. He bellowed information into the mouthpiece of his portable telephone.

他对着手机话筒吼了一通信息。

6. Point your mobile phone at a billboard and you'll see more information.

将你的手机对准公告板,你会找到更多的信息.

7. That's not a problem. All mobile phones can send text messages.

那不是问题. 所有的手机都能发短信息.

8. Secondly, we characterise premium rate mobile message services and examine their emergence.

其次, 我们的特色保险费率手机短信息服务和研究,它们的出现.

9. The information that is stored in your phone is another matter.

在你手机里贮存的信息是另一个问题.

10. Information that explains grammar is sent to their mobile phones between lectures.

课余时间有关语法讲解的短信息会发送到学生的手机里.

11. These phones know where you are and can provide geographically relevant information.

这些手机知道你身处何处,可以提供具有地理相关性的信息.

12. According to one website, China began using SMS in and growth has been amazing.

根据一个网站的信息, 中国的手机用户从才开始使用短信息,此后短信息业务迅速增长.

13. The information included the women's names, addresses, home phone numbers , mobile numbers, and due dates.

信息中包含这些妇女的姓名 、 地址 、 家庭电话手机号码和预产日期.

14. Moreover, given the more frequent information exchanges, cell phones make businesses much easier.

此外, 手机使信息交流更加频繁, 因此能够促进商业的发展.

15. How could a trapped survivor with a cellphone get usable information to rescuers?

如何能够与手机被困的幸存者得到有用的信息救援?

1. He bellowed information into the mouthpiece of his portable telephone.

他对着手机话筒吼了一通信息。

2. There has been consistent growth in GSM mobile subscribers.

全球通手机用户持续增长。

3. The mobile phone is now a must-have for children.

手机现在已经成了孩子们的必备品。

4. She dialled 999 on her mobile.

她用手机拨打了999。

5. A cellular telephone beeped.

有个手机响了。

6. My mobile phone is extremely useful.

我的手机非常有用。

7. He forgot the charger for his mobile phone.

他忘了带手机充电器。

8. I talked to her on my cellphone.

我用手机跟她通了话。

9. a clamshell phone

翻盖式手机

10. Please make sure all mobile phones are switched off during the performance.

请确保演出时关上所有手机。

11. Many people are upgrading their mobiles to top-end models.

很多人不断将手机升级到最高档的款式。

12. Cellular phones are inherently insecure, as anyone can listen to and record conversations.

手机天生就不安全,因为任何人都可以听到并录下谈话。

13. His chauffeur-driven car and company mobile phone will be handed on to his successor.

他那辆配有专职司机的轿车和公司手机将转交给他的继任者。

14. I borrowed my wife's mobile phone last week and a text arrived from another man.

我上周借我老婆的手机用,收到一个男人发来的短信。

15. They offer 70 hours' standby time, 2hr 50min talk time, and 15 ring tones.

这些手机可待机70小时,通话时长达2小时50分钟,并提供15种铃音。

IDGIC:逻辑

LOOPFLITER:环路滤波器

LO:本机振荡器 LOCKED:锁机。

LPF:低通滤波器。多出现在频率合成环路。它滤除鉴相器输出中的高频成分,防止这个高频成分干扰VCO的工作。

MAINCLK(MCLK):表示13MHz时钟,用于摩托罗拉手机。也有使用

MAGIC-13MHz的,诺基亚手机常采用RFC表示这个信号,爱立信手机常采用MCLK表示,松下手机采用13MHzCLK表示。

MDM:调制解调。

MEMORY:存储器。

MENU:菜单。

MF:陶瓷滤波器。

MIC:送话器、咪、微音器、拾音器、话筒。是一个声电转换器件,它将话音信号*为模拟的电信号。

MIX:混频器。在手机电路中,通常是指接收机的混频器。混频器是超外差接收机的核心部件,它将接收到的高频信号变换成为频率比较低的中频信号。 MIX-275:一般用于摩托罗拉手机中,表示2.75V混频器电源。有些手机的混频器电源用VCCMIX表示。

MIXOUT:混频器输出。

MOBILE:移动。

MOD:调制。

MODIP:调制工信号正。

MODIN:调制工信号负。

MODQP:调制Q信号正。

MODQN:调制Q信号负。

MODEM:调制解调器。摩托罗拉手机使用,是逻辑射频接口电路。它提供AFC、AOC及GMSK调制解调等。

MS:移动台。

MSC:移动交换中心。

MSIN:移动台识别码。

MSRN:漫游。

MUTE:静音。

NAM:号码分配模块。

NC:空,不接。

NEG:负压。

NI-H:镍氢。

NI-G:镍镉。

NONETWORK:无网络。

A/DC:模数转换。

AC:交流。

ADDRESS:地址。

AF:音频。

AFC:自动频率控制,控制基准频率时钟电路。

在GSM手机电路中,只要看到AFC字样,则马上可以断定该信号线所控制的是13MHz电路。该信号不正常则可能导致手机不能进入服务状态,严重的导致手机不开机。

AGC:自动增益控制。该信号通常出现在接收机电路的低噪声放大器,被用来控制接收机前端放大器在不同强度信号时给后级电路提供一个比较稳定的信号。

ALERT:告警。属接收音频电路,被用来提示用户有电话进入或操作错误。

AMP:放大器。常用于手机的电路框图中。

ANT:天线。用来将高频电磁波转化为高频电流或将高频信号电流转化为高频电磁波。 AOC:自动功率控制。通常出现在手机发射机的功率放大器部份(以摩托罗拉手机比较常用)。ASIC:专用集成电路。在手机电路中,它通常包含多个功能电路,提供许多接口,主要完成手机的各种控制。

B+:电源。

BAND:频段。

BAND-SELECT:频段选择。只出现在双频手机或三频手机电路中。该信号控制手机的频段切换。

BATT:电池电压。

BLAS:偏压。常出现在诺基亚手机电路中,被用来控制功率放大器或其他相应的电路。 BSI:电池尺寸。在诺基亚的许多手机中,若该信号不正常,会导致手机不开机。 BUFFER:缓冲放大器。常出现在VCO电路的输出。

BUS:通信总线。BUZ:蜂鸣器。一般只出现在铃声电路。

CDMA:码分多址。多址接入技术的一种,CDMA通信系统容量比GSM更大,其微蜂窝更小,CDMA手机所需的电源消耗更小,所以CDMA手机待机时间更长。

CHARG+:充电电源正端。

CHARG-:充电电源负端。

CLK:时钟。CLK出现在不同的地方起的作用不同,若在逻辑电路,则它与手机的开机有很大的关系;若在SIM卡电路,则可能导致SIM卡故障。

CODEC:编译码起。主要出现在音频编译码电路。

COL:列地址线。出现在手机的按键电路。

CPU:中央处理器。只出现在手机的逻辑电路,完成手机的多种控制。

D/AC:数模转换。

DATA:橡皮圈数据。

DC:直流。

DCS:数字通信系统。工作在1800MHz频段。该系统的使用频率比GSM更大高,也是数字通系统的一种,它是GSM的衍生物。DCS的很多技术与GSM是一样的。

DEOMD:解调。

DET:检测。

DM-CS:片选信号。摩托罗拉手机专用,该信号用来控制发射机电路中的MCDEM、发射变换模块及发射VCO电路,无论是GSM328、GSM87手机还是cd928、V998手机,都是如此。 DSP:数字语音处理器。在逻辑音频电路,它将进行PCM编码后的数码话音信号进一步处理。DUPLEX:双工器。它包含接收与发射射频滤波器,处于天线与射频电路之间。

EAR:听筒。又称为受话器,喇叭、扬声器。它所接的是接收音频电路。

EEPROM:电可擦只读存储器。在手机中用来存储手机运行的软件。如它损坏,会导致手机不开机、软件故障。

EST:外接。

FILTER:滤波器。有时用FL表示。滤波器有射频滤波器、中频滤波器;高通滤波器、低通滤波器、带通滤波器、带阻滤波器等之分。按材料,又有陶瓷滤波器、晶体滤波器等。 FLASH:内存。一种存储器,在手机电路中用来存储字库等。

GND:地线。手机机板上,大片的铜箔都是地线。

GSM:全球移动通信系统。最早被称为泛欧通信系统,由于后来使用该技术标准的国家与地区越来越多,被称为全球通。

GMSK:高斯最小移动监控。一种数字调制方法,900MhzJI及1800MHz系统都使用这种方式。 I/O:输入输出端口。

IF:中频。中频有接收中频,即RXIF,有发射中频,即TXIF。中频都是固定不变的。接收中频来自接收机电路中的混频器,要到解调器去还原出接收数据信号;发射中频来自发射中频VCO,被用于发射I/Q调制器作载波。在接收机,第二中频频率总是比第一中频频率低。 IFVCO:中频VCO。用于接收机的第二混频器或发射机的I/Q调制器。与后面的VHFVCO作用一样,只要看到IFVCO或VHFVCO,就可以断定这种手机的接收机是超外差二次变频接收机,有两个中频。

iphone

1. Competitors quickly tried to douse another conflagration of iPhone hype.

很快竞争者就试图加入到另一轮iPhone的广告战.

2. The iPhone has set new standards in design and ease of use.

在设计和使用的方便度方面iPhone被设定了新的标准.

3. How many people do you know who own an iPhone? 5.

你知道身边有几个人拥有iPhone手机? 5个.

4. So no new apps on the iPhone for using Exchange.

所以Apple没有 单独为iphone使用 Exchange功能而去创建新的专门软件.

5. Apple's iPhone was officially launched late last year through China Unicom.

去年末,苹果公司(Apple)的iPhone通过中国联通正式在华推出.

6. The new iPhone mostly addresses the shortcomings of the old one.

新一代的iPhone克服了第二代的大部分缺陷.

7. He is not China's first iPhone owner at all.

其实他并不是中国首位iPhone机主.

8. Of course, even the registration of iPhone developer is in English.

当然了, 连iPhone开发者登记都是使用英文的.

9. Just how slippery is Apple's ( AAPL ) iPhone ?

苹果 Iphone 到底有多滑 呢 ?

10. Does there brush apple IPHONE machine?

苹果IPHONE刷 机那里刷?

11. This points to the ultimate role of the iPhone for Mr Jobs, Apple and the industry.

对于乔布斯先生, 苹果公司及产业,这恰恰表明了iPhone的重要作用.

12. They develop software, games and ring tone for mobile phones, especially for iPhone.

他们以苹果系统作为服务平台,为手机, 特别是iPhone, 设计软件 、 游戏和铃声.

13. You can also buy the iPhone Stencil Kit to quickly sketch out iPhone UI prototypes paper.

当然,你也可以买一个iPhone原型工具来快速构建一个iPhoneUI原型.

14. With this unmatch easy views , iphone has redefined what's possible on a mobile phone.

借力于这无与伦比简单的高科技, iphone重新定义了在手机上的一切可能.

15. Iphone listed only the first year, Nokia claimed on the rim and head of the ring.

第一款iphone上市 仅一年, 就夺走了诺基亚和rim头上的光环.

1. Apple Emerges As Nintendo's Game Rival.

苹果手机游戏叫板百年老店任天堂.

2. Perhaps people who buy Apple phones are better able to accept economic uncertainty than Wal - Mart shoppers.

与 沃尔玛 的顾客相比,可能那些购买苹果手机的人更容易接受经济的不确定性.

3. Still, Apple ascendancy in mobile phones has been tough to stomach.

尽管如此, 苹果在手机领域取得的优势还是让微软难以接受.

4. Mobile version of the Apple machine, it is a good casual games.

手机版苹果机, 很不错的休闲游戏.

5. They develop software, games and ring tone for mobile phones, especially for iPhone.

他们以苹果系统作为服务平台,为手机, 特别是iPhone, 设计软件 、 游戏和铃声.

6. A third option would be for Apple to deepen its partnership with Motorola , the second - largest handset - maker.

加深与第二大手机厂商摩托罗拉的关系可能是苹果公司的第三种选择.

7. The Apple name has value as a status symbol, and Internet usage through cellphones is increasing.

苹果品牌的价值在于它是一种地位的象征, 通过手机上网的互联网用户在日益增多.

I talked to her on my cellphone.

我用手机跟她通了话。

I got a new cellphone I can use.

我有一个可以用的新手机。

Nowadays, a cellphone service is available to everyone, everywhere.

如今,任何人在任何地方都可以使用手机服务。

诺基亚手机

Connecting People. 科技以人为本。 第比尔斯钻石

A diamond lasts forever. 钻石恒久远,一颗永流传。 麦斯威尔咖啡

Good to the last drop. 滴滴香浓,意犹未尽。 雪碧

Obey your thirst. 服从你的渴望。 索尼影碟机

The new digital era. 数码新时代。 理光复印机

We lead. Others copy. 我们领先,他人仿效。 佳能打印机

Impossible made possible. 使不可能变为可能。 雀巢冰激凌

Take time to indulge. 尽情享受吧! 万宝路香烟

Come to where the flavor is. Marlboro Country. 光临风韵之境——万宝路世界。 凌志轿车

The relentless pursuit of perfection. 不懈追求完美。 丰田汽车

Poetry in motion, dancing close to me. 动态的诗,向我舞近。 轩尼诗酒

To me, the past is black and white, but the future is always color. 对我而言,过去平淡无奇;而未来,却是绚烂缤纷。 百事流行鞋 Ask for more. 渴望无限。 雀巢咖啡

The taste is great. 味道好极了。 麦当劳 I lovin it! 我喜欢! 三星电子

feel the new space. 感受新境界。

摩托罗拉手机

intelligence everywhere. 智慧演绎,无处不在。 百事可乐

the choice of a new generation. 新一代的选择。 三菱电工

we integrate, you communicate. 我们集大成,您超越自我。 IBM

no business too small, no problem too big. 没有不做的小生意,没有解决不了的大问题。 东芝电子

take toshiba, take the world. 拥有东芝,拥有世界。 飞利浦电子

let's make things better. 让我们做得更好。 耐克运动鞋 Just do it. 只管去做。 飞利浦电子

Let’s make thing btter. 让我们做得更好。 M&M巧克力

M&Ms melt in your mouth, not in your hand. 只溶在口,不溶在手。 斯沃奇手表

Time is what you make of it. 天长地久。 飘柔

Start ahead. 成功之路,从头开始。 可口可乐

Things go better with Coca-Cola. 饮可口可乐,万事如意。 柯达相纸

A Kodak Moment. 就在柯达一刻。

梅塞德斯-奔驰

Engineered to move the human spirit. 人类精神的动力。 七喜

Fresh-up with Seven-up.(Seven-up) 提神醒脑,喝七喜。

英特尔 奔腾

Intel Inside.(Intel Pentium) 给电脑一颗奔腾的“芯”。 本田

For the Road Ahead.(Honda) 康庄大道。

奥林巴斯 Focus on life. 瞄准生活。

佳洁士牙膏

Behind that healthy smile,there ’s a Crest kid. 健康笑容来自佳洁士 中国招商银行

We are here just for you ! 因你而变。 美国捷运

do it right, first-rate, top-notch, without a hitch and absolutely flawless. 服务准确,质量一流,业内顶尖,交递准时,投送无误。 中国光大银行

to be the best rather than the largest. 不求最大,但求最好。 汰渍洗衣粉

tide's in, dirt's out. 汰渍到,污垢逃。 杂志《读者文摘》

the world smiles with Reader's Digest. 读者文摘给全世界带来欢笑。 《环球》杂志

the Global brings you the world in a single copy. 一册在手,众览全球。 夏普产品

From Sharp minds, come sharp products. 来自智慧的结晶 。

In the budget before last a tax penalty on the mobile phone was introduced.

上上次的预算案中对移动电话引入了惩罚性税收。

The mobile phone is now a must-have for children.

手机现在已经成了孩子们的必备品。

My mobile phone is extremely useful

我的手机非常有用。

I borrowed my wife's mobile phone last week and a text arrived from another man.

我上周借我老婆的手机用,收到一个男人发来的短信。

He forgot the charger for his mobile phone.

他忘了带手机充电器。

At that point the radio handset fell to pieces.

就在那一刻,无线电遥控器摔得粉碎。

To test that whether your handset is in position.

测试到你的`电话听筒放得不好。

Until 2013, Apple released one handset each year around September time.

2013年以前,苹果公司一直都是在每年九月份左右发布一款手机新品的。

Yesterday I really was not want to fall that person's handset.

昨天我真的不是想摔那个人的手机。

This problem would be particularly noticeable if either is using a voice handset.

如果其中一方使用的是行动电话,这个问题更是格外明显。

More sophisticated apps require significant processing power and memory in the handset.

更复杂的应用程序需要手机拥有大量处理能力和内存。

★ 手机用英文怎么表达??英文

★ 赞美的重要性英文演讲稿

★ 华为手机口号英文标识

★ 小米手机用英文怎么表达?

★ 学习英语的重要性的英文作文

★ 苹果手机用英文怎么表达?在中文

★ 普通话的重要性

★ 教学质量的重要性

★ 消防安全工作重要性

★ 团队精神的重要性  教育培养,Education and Training

1)Education and Training教育培养

1.The education and training of the active applicants for CPC membership is the foundation of the party s recruitment.对入党积极分子的教育培养工作是党员发展工作的基础。

2)Education cultivation教育培养

3)education[英][,ed?u'ke??n][美]['?d??'ke??n]教育培养

4)education and cultivation教育培养

1.This paper ,according to the personality defects of the female students in normal colleges,puts forward the ways of education and cultivation of their confidence,personality,thinking ability and psycho-perssure bearing.本文针对高师女生在个性心理品质上存在的不足 ,提出要从自信心、性格、思维能力以及心理承受力等方面 ,加强教育培养。

5)Cultivation and education培养教育

1.The author views and makes proposals on some problems that should draw attention in selecting the political working cadres in colleges and universities such as the form of cultivation and education and the way of reasoning employment, with a view to instructing the practical work.就高校政工干部选拔中要注意的问题 ,培养教育形式 ,合理使用的方法等问题提出看法和建议 ,以期对实际工作有所指

1.The Studies Suggest about the Education Field of Cultivating Physical Education Professionals体育教育专业人才培养教育场的研究

2.Raise, rear or educate sb培养,养育或教育某人

3.Forming a Unique Training Mode and Improving Teaching Quality;培育人才培养特色 提高教育教学质量

4.are that education is education of the whole person,教育是对人的全面培养,

5.Educational Narration: The Turning Points for Teachers educational Research;教育叙事:培养教师教育研究的契机

6.An Analysis of the Cultivation of Teachers Information Literacy under the Environment of Education Informationization;教育信息化环境与教师信息素养培养

7.Tentative Analysis of the Training Model for Teachers of the Physical Education Major;体育教育专业教师技能培养模式探析

8.On the Embodiment of Quality Education and Innovation Education in the Cultivation Plans of Talents;素质教育、创新教育与人才培养计划

9.STS Education Investigation in Elementary Education Teacher Training in Zhejiang Province;我省基础教育师资培养中STS教育调查

10.Cultivation on Lifelong P.E Consciousness in College;高校体育教育中终身体育意识的培养

11.Physical Education and the Cultivation of Students Sports Consciousness in Colleges and Universties;高校体育教育与学生体育意识的培养

12.Carry out the Development of Aesthetics Education and Appreciation Ability on High-Professional Physical Teaching;体育课实施美育教育与欣赏能力培养

13.A methodological approach to the proper type of educational researchers;培养什么样的教育研究者以及如何培养——对我国教育学教育的思考

14.The Cultivation of Educational Technology Professionals Visual Literacy;教育技术学专业人才视觉素养的培养

15.Chemical education--important way of training scientific literacy;化学教育——培养科学素养的重要途径

16.On the Editor s Cultivation of Aesthetic Attainment for Journals of Educational Theories;教育理论刊物编辑的审美素养及培养

17.Informationalized education and cultivation of normal students information capacity;教育信息化与师范生信息素养的培养

18.Training on Visual Culture Literacy of Educational Technology Staff;论教育技术人员视觉文化素养的培养

Education cultivation教育培养

3)education[英][,ed?u'ke??n][美]['?d??'ke??n]教育培养

4)education and cultivation教育培养

1.This paper ,according to the personality defects of the female students in normal colleges,puts forward the ways of education and cultivation of their confidence,personality,thinking ability and psycho-perssure bearing.本文针对高师女生在个性心理品质上存在的不足 ,提出要从自信心、性格、思维能力以及心理承受力等方面 ,加强教育培养。

5)Cultivation and education培养教育

1.The author views and makes proposals on some problems that should draw attention in selecting the political working cadres in colleges and universities such as the form of cultivation and education and the way of reasoning employment, with a view to instructing the practical work.就高校政工干部选拔中要注意的问题 ,培养教育形式 ,合理使用的方法等问题提出看法和建议 ,以期对实际工作有所指

6)training and education培养教育

基督教僧侣教育和教民教育  西欧中世纪早期,基督教成为封建社会的支柱,教育被教会垄断,教师由教会委任,教育内容以神学为主,异教学校被取缔,世俗文化教育几乎被一扫而光。基督教僧侣教育和教民教育成为西欧中世纪教育的主体。    基督教教会的教育机构     僧院学校 基督教教会最主要的、水平较高的教育机构是僧院学校。僧院学校是由僧院发展而来的。公元3 世纪起,罗马帝国进入奴隶社会的崩溃阶段,特权阶级穷奢极欲,民不聊生。众多基督教教徒遂隐遁山野,企图借独居隐修生活,忘却尘世疾苦。这些"修行者"大多居住在埃及的荒漠之地,过着森严的禁欲生活。由于隐居修行的人日增,后来便建立公共场所,开展集体苦修活动。公元 4世纪,在埃及出现了最初的僧院。此种修行制度渐渐遍及埃及、叙利亚、巴勒斯坦等地,并传至希腊、意大利等地,不久,便盛行于西欧各地。修行制度经基督教教父之一的哲罗姆、著名神学家圣奥古斯丁、J.卡西安等人改进,特别是本尼狄克制定教规后,西欧僧院的风尚和活动为之一新。僧侣除注意自身虔修外,还注意读经学习。修行者为了诵读,便搜集经卷,广为抄写。僧院一般都设有图书馆及阅览室,逐渐成为文化和知识的贮藏所。有些修行者也著书立说,内容涉及宗教、道德和历史等。公元 9世纪时,几乎所有僧院都附设学校,称为僧院学校。    僧院学校的学生分为两类。一类是准备充当僧侣的儿童,称为"自愿献身者"(Oblate)。另一类是学成后仍为俗人,不准备充当僧侣者,称为"外来者"(Externe)。公元10世纪时,已有两类僧院学校。为前类儿童设的学校称为内学,为后类儿童设立的学校称为外学。僧院学校学生入学年龄约在10岁左右。 学习期限约8~10年。僧院学校的教育目的是培植学生具有僧侣所必备的"服从、贞洁、安贫"三种品质。    僧院学校除传授基督教教义外,也进行简单的读、写、算的基本知识教育。这些都是为诵读圣经、抄写圣书和计算宗教节日服务的。后来逐渐把七艺纳入课程。一些学校只教授三艺(文法、修辞、辩证法)称为三科学校 (Trivial schools)。只有高级的学校才在三艺之后学习四艺(算术、几何、天文、音乐)。中世纪的七艺经过基督教教会的加工,已贯穿了宗教的精神,而神学则是整个学科体系的"王冠"。神学加上七艺,构成了中世纪中等教育的主要内容。    僧院学校的教师多由僧侣担任。领导学校的僧侣称为校长,大的学校校长则配有助手。一般学校中设有唱歌长,负责教唱教会歌曲,也负责抄写?捅9芡际椤I枰幻Ъ啵涸鸺喽窖难孕小?教学方法是由教师口授,说明意义,学生记录讲述的内容,诵读牢记。学生入学时间不一,学习进度不等,学习时间也因人而异。教学用语为拉丁语。教学多采用问答法,实行个别教学。僧院学校对学生的管教是极为严格的,盛行严酷的不容申辩的体罚和侮辱性的惩罚。    大主教学校 早在基督教教会建立之初,教会便设立了教义学校,对洗礼入教的教民施行有关教义、教规的训练。为了传播教义,培训传教人员,基督教教会又在城市的大教堂中设立教义问答学校,由主教以带徒弟的方式传授神学。基督教传遍罗马帝国全境后,曾划分主教管区,各主教管区内设立大主教学校,直接由主教管理。后来,主教又委托专人(称为Scholastius)主管大主教学校。大主教学校以培养未来的僧侣为目的,学校的水平同僧院学校比较接近,学校设备较其为好,学科内容也更完备些。    其他教育机构 教会对教民和一般世俗群众进行教育的主要机构是教区学校。教区学校设在牧师所在的村落,学校规模很小,设备简陋,只教授一般读、写、算和基督教的初步知识。    基督教教会对女童的教育主要是在家庭和女修道院中进行的。封建贵族常把他们的女童送入女修道院中接受文化和宗教教育。学习内容除读、写外,还有音乐、纺织、女红等。    在中世纪后期,基督教教会创办了拉丁文法学校,同时产生了教徒私人捐款设立的义院学校。前者是由教会控制的中等教育性质的学校。后者由神职人员任教师,但受俗人的支持和监督。    基督教教派对教育的影响 基督教内部派系复杂,各派为扩大本教派的影响,都在传教的同时致力于教育事业。中世纪早期影响较大的是本尼狄克派,后期影响较大的是托钵修会。    ①本尼狄克派。本尼狄克生于意大利的贵族家庭。初为基督教修行主义者。公元 529年在拿波里附近山中建立僧院,对徒众进行宗教教育,并改进修行制度,制定教规。本尼狄克教规共73条。其中规定修行者每日参加体力劳动7小时,读书学习2小时。僧徒除斋戒冥思、孤身修炼、进行传教活动外,还从事耕作、慈善事业及儿童教育工作。后来,还从事土地开垦和学术研究等。因此,本尼狄克派名声大振,影响扩及英国、法国、比利时、奥地利和瑞士等国,在各地建立僧院多达250所。    ②托钵修会。托钵修会中,方济各派和多米尼克派对教育有较大的影响,有许多高级僧侣以研究经院哲学著称。方济各派是由意大利人方济各于 1209 年创立的,1212年得到教皇的明令认可。此派一面宣传基督教教义,一面致力于平民教育。1230年方济各派在巴黎建立一所僧院,加强神学教育,也注意提高文化知识教育水平。此派曾造就了许多有名的学者。多米尼克派是由西班牙僧侣多米尼克建立的,于1217年经教皇认可。此派注重对社会中上阶级进行高等教育。意大利的博洛尼亚大学、法国的巴黎大学、英国的牛津大学都是此派的活动据点。    基督教垄断西欧教育事业达1000余年之久。至中世纪后期,新兴市民阶层兴起,几经斗争,赢得了开办世俗学校的权利,基督教独占教育的局面才告结束。但是,基督教教会仍开办相当数量的教会学校,对世俗学校的控制和影响仍是相当深远的。 (见彩图)    参考书目   Margaret Deansley , A History of the MedievalChurch,590~1500,2ed,Methuen & Co.,Ltd.,London,1938.   Lan C.Hannah, Christiɑn Monasticism , A Great Force in History,The Macmillan Company,New York,1925.


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